Transformational adaptation is a concept with evolving definitions and applications in climate adaptation and resilience literature. There is no single agreed approach to either, although several common features emerge across the literature on transformational adaptation. Most definitions emphasize the depth of change required, often highlighting the need to foster systemic shifts that address the root causes of vulnerability and considering the spatial scale or extent of these changes. Many definitions also stress the importance of the durability of interventions and their potential to catalyze broader systemic changes. However, there is variability in how equity and power dynamics are addressed and whether broader goals—like poverty reduction or sustainable development—are integrated.

Transformational adaptation has been examined in various fora related to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process, such as the Glasgow Sharm el-Sheikh work programme, National Adaptation Plan Expos, and the Adaptation Committee. These workshops and programs have included proposals for measuring activities, context characteristics and “small transformational wins.”

At the sixth meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA6) in November 2024, Parties will have the opportunity to consider transformational adaptation through various avenues, including the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience (the Framework), the UAE-Belém work programme on indicators, a separate agenda item, or other processes such as the just transition pathway.

Despite its complexity and the challenges of defining and measuring transformational adaptation, it is increasingly recognized as a potent concept for driving long-term climate resilience. CMA6 will serve as a platform for Parties to clarify transformational adaptation, explore its definition across different spatial scales and sectors, showcase examples of implementation, and discuss methods for assessing progress in planning, financing, and implementing transformative approaches globally.

This paper considers issues and options for transformational adaptation within the UNFCCC, outcomes from COP28, and how Parties can begin to define transformational adaptation for consideration at CMA6.