The Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) is a critical lever to building mutual confidence among Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and enhance international cooperation to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement (PA).

December 2025 will mark the ten-year anniversary of adopting the PA. Most of the implementing guidance that operationalizes the PA was agreed at the UNFCCC’s 24th Conference of the Parties (COP24). Additional technical details and tables were finalized at COP26 and remaining reporting
provisions for Article 6 were agreed at COP29. With this, the ETF entered a largely post-negotiations era. Parties must now shift to earnest implementation of the reporting modalities, procedures and guidelines, and comprehensively use and test the adequacy of the transparency system.

This paper provides an overview of the state of the ETF under the PA and how its reporting and review processes function. It also considers how these modalities can be used to highlight climate action, foster confidence that Parties are contributing to collective climate efforts, and enhance international cooperation.

Questions for consideration

• How can Parties best use the ETF to build mutual trust and confidence?

• In what ways can the transparency process drive greater momentum on climate action, and how can Parties capitalize on these opportunities to enhance international cooperation?

• How can the technical expert review and facilitative, multilateral consideration of progress (FMCP) be best used to help Parties highlight their actions or identify areas of capacity-building or best practice?